One of the most important decisions a business owner makes is selecting the right business structure. Your choice affects your taxes, legal liability, and ability to raise capital. Many new entrepreneurs start as sole proprietors by default, but this may not always be the best option. The three most common business entities—Sole Proprietorship, LLC (Limited Liability Company), and S-Corporation (S-Corp)—each have their own advantages and drawbacks. Let’s break them down so you can make an informed decision for your business.

1. Sole Proprietorship: The Simplest Option

A Sole Proprietorship is the easiest and most straightforward business structure. If you start doing business without formally registering an entity, you are automatically classified as a sole proprietor.

Pros:

• Easy to set up with minimal paperwork.
• Full control over business decisions.
• Lower costs compared to other structures.

Cons:

• Unlimited personal liability—your personal assets can be used to satisfy business debts.
• Harder to separate business and personal finances.
• Limited access to funding—investors typically prefer incorporated entities.

2. LLC (Limited Liability Company): Balancing Simplicity and Protection

A Limited Liability Company (LLC) is a popular choice for small business owners because it provides liability protection while remaining relatively simple to operate.

Pros:

• Limited liability—your personal assets are protected from business debts and lawsuits.
• Fewer formalities than corporations.
• Flexible taxation—you can choose to be taxed as a sole proprietor, partnership, or even an S-Corp.

Cons:

• More paperwork and state fees compared to a sole proprietorship.
• Self-employment taxes may still apply unless taxed as an S-Corp.

3. S-Corporation (S-Corp): Tax Savings for Growing Businesses

An S-Corporation (S-Corp) is a tax designation, not a legal structure. Businesses can elect to be taxed as an S-Corp if they qualify, potentially saving thousands in self-employment taxes.

Pros:

• Potential tax savings—business owners can take a reasonable salary and pay themselves additional profits as distributions, which are not subject to self-employment tax.
• Limited liability protection, similar to an LLC.
• Can enhance credibility with investors and lenders.

Cons:

• More strict requirements, including payroll and reporting obligations.
• More paperwork compared to an LLC or sole proprietorship.
• Not all businesses qualify—S-Corps have restrictions on ownership and shareholder types.

How to Choose the Right Business Entity

The best choice depends on your business goals, liability concerns, and tax preferences. Consider the following questions:

• Do you need liability protection for your personal assets?
• Are you looking for tax-saving strategies as your business grows?
• Will you be hiring employees or seeking outside investors?

Final Thoughts

Choosing the right entity is a crucial step in setting up your business for long-term success. If you’re unsure about the best structure for your business, consulting a professional can help you make the right decision.

Need help setting up your business finances properly? Lookout Bookkeeping is here to help! If you’re ready to connect, fill out our intake form. Don’t forget to download our free resource, Structuring your Business for Success.